Evan && Or && Id

 

Membuat DIY CO2

Apa itu DIY CO2?

DIY singkatan dari Do It Yourself atau diartikan membuat sendiri.

DIY CO2 adalah sistem CO2 yang dibuat sendiri menggunakan bahan2 sehari2 yang murah dan mudah didapat.

DIY CO2 mengeluarkan gas CO2 atas dasar reaksi fermentasi yang terjadi pada gula oleh adanya aktivitas kapang (yeast)

reaksi : gula + kapang —-> alkohol + CO2

Siapakah yang lebih cocok memakai DIY CO2?

• DIY CO2 merupakan pilihan yang tepat bagi mereka yang kesulitan mendapatkan sistem CO2 pressurized (tabung bertekanan) yang dikarenakan faktor ketidakmampuan ekonomi.
• Mereka yang memiliki aquarium berukuran kecil-sedang.
• Mereka yang punya waktu untuk menggantikan larutan bahan bakar secara periodik.
• Mereka yang memiliki setup aquascape dengan pencahayaan low-medium.
• Mereka yang kehabisan gas CO2 pada sistem pressurized dan mengunggu refill yang lama.

Mengapa perlu memakai CO2?

Pada setup aquascape diperlukan adanya tambahan CO2 karena tumbuhan memerlukan unsur karbon sebagai faktor yang essensial untuk bermetabolisme. Di dalam aquarium tentunya unsur karbon ini sangat sedikit ketersediaannya, tidak seperti di udara bebas dan pada alam terbuka.

Untuk itulah kita tambahkan CO2 kedalam air agar pertumbuhan tanaman tidak terganggu.

I. Bahan2 yang diperlukan

• sebuah botol air mineral/soda ukuran besar lengkap dengan tutupnya.
• 1 buah connector/pentil selang aerator aquarium
• selang silikon secukupnya
• sealant/lem pipa secukupnya
• obeng plus ukuran kecil
• kompor/korek

II. Cara membuat tabung

• copotkan tutup botol
• panasi obeng di atas kompor, jangan terlalu lama agar panasnya sekedar pas
• tusukkan pada bagian atas tutup botol hingga menembus sisi lainnya, hati2 agar ukuran lubang jangan sampai terlalu besar dibandingkan diameter connector
• bubuhkan sedikit sealant/lem pada bagian perut connector
• masukkan connector kedalam lubang pada tutup botol (bila dikerjakan dengan benar harus agak seret/sempit masuknya)

• bubuhkan sealant/lem pada sekeliling sambungan baik bagian atas tutup botol maupun bagian bawahnya
• biarkan mengering selama 1/2 hari (jemur lebih baik)

III. Bahan bakar CO2

DIY CO2 ini memanfaatkan bahan bakar utama berupa gula.

Gula yang dipakai adalah jenis gula pasir biasa, kalau ada gula yang belum diputihkan (mengandung sedikit molase).

Resep :

• 150 gram gula pasir
• 1/3 sendok teh ragi instan
• 1300 mL air minum
• 1/2 sendok teh baking powder

Cara membuat :

Masukkan gula pasir, ragi, baking powder kedalam botol. Tambahkan air sekitar 1300 mL, yaitu sampai batas leher botol. Kocok merata dan biarkan di suhu ruangan selama 4-5 jam sebelum siap dipakai.

IV. Pemakaian DIY CO2

• Pasangkan tutup botol yang silikon/lemnya telah mengering sempurna pada botol yang sudah berisi larutan bahan bakar gula.
• Pasang selang silikon dan sambungkan sesuai keperluan rangkaian.
• Posisikan botol DIY ini pada tempat yang agak hangat, sebab produksi fermentasi akan menjadi optimal bilamana temperatur mendekati hangat tubuh manusia.
• DIY CO2 ini dapat bertahan sekitar 7-10 hari lamanya dikarenakan pada titik tersebut cadangan gula sudah menipis dan populasi koloni kapang sudah menurun drastis dikarenakan perubahan pH dan kadar alkohol dalam larutan.Maka pada saat sebelum titik habis tersebut sebaiknya sebuah batch larutan bahan bakar yang baru sudah dibuat sehari sebelumnya dan disimpan dalam lemari es agar aktivitas kapang statis.

*perhatian : ketika rangkaian sudah dipasang, berhati-hatilah jika hendak membuka tutup botol untuk mengganti larutannya. Jangan putar tutup botol karena sambungan lem/silikon rentan robek. Sebaliknya putarlah botolnya agar terbuka.

FAQ :

1. Rangkaian DIY saya tidak mengeluarkan gas :

• tunggu sampai 4-5 jam pada suhu ruangan.
• cek apakah semua sambungan sudah rapat/ ada yang bocor. gunakan busa sabun atau tenggelamkan untuk memeriksa. kebocoran adalah kasus yang klasik.

2. Rangkaian DIY saya mengeluarkan gas 3-4 hari lalu, tapi sekarang tidak/makin sedikit :

• simpanlah botol di tempat yang hangat agar merangsang proses fermentasi yang optimal.
• waktunya mengganti larutan gula. karena faktor tertentu waktu kerja bisa saja memendek.

3. Gas CO2 yang dikeluarkan rangkaian saya sedikit sekali, ingin lebih banyak :

• buatlah rangkaian pararel dari 2 atau lebih botol.
• tambahkan lagi dosis ragi instan pada larutan. namun demikian waktu kerja akan memendek sementara produksi CO2 dipercepat.

4. Gas CO2 yang dikeluarkan rangkaian saya terlalu banyak untuk aqua nano saya :

• kurangi dosis ragi instan yang digunakan pada larutan. waktu kerja akan memanjang sementara produksi CO2 diperlambat.

5. Apakah menambahkan jumlah gula akan memperpanjang umur kerja?

• tidak selalu. kapang tetap akan mati karena kadar alkohol yang meningkat.

6. Bagaimana caranya agar produksi CO2 banyak dan waktu kerja panjang?

• gunakan botol yang jauh lebih besar dan sesuaikan resep bahan bakar sesuai volume botol tersebut.
• buatlah rangkaian pararel dari beberapa botol dengan dosis yeast yang dikurangi sedikit.

 

written by Dedi, Hobbyst Aquascape di bilangan Tebet, Jakarta

 Source : DIY CO2

 

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pacman -Sy alsa-lib alsa-utils
pacman -S alsa-oss

install sound control

pacman -Ss xpdf
search pacman repository for xpdf

pacman -Si packageName
pacman -Qi packageName

get more info about package by name

pacman -Su
update all packages on system

pacman -Syu
sync repository database and update system

yaourt -Sf xorg-server
force install

pacman -Ql package
retrieve list of files installed by package

options snd-pcsp index=2
add to /etc/modprobe.conf to load pcsp last

MODULE=(… !snd_pcsp)
add to /etc/rc.conf
to stop pcsp from loading

pacman -S pulseaudio
needed to get sound in flash

gpasswd -a lust audio
add user lust to audio group for playing purposes

gpasswd -d [user] [group]
remove user from group

usermod -aG [group] [user]
add user to a group

adduser
add user to system

userdel
delete user

cat /etc/group

list all groups on system

groups
list groups your user is in

find /* -group groupName
list files owned by a group

groupadd groupName
create new group

groupdel groupName
remove group

alsamixer
bring up sound control

amixer set Master 90% unmute
amixer set PCM 85% unmute

set volume from command line

alsactl store
save audio settings

arch=(‘x86_64′)
can be added to PKGBUILD to try to support 64bit

/home/rladams/.mozilla/firefox/6yq6uxu4.default/extensions/VMwareVMRC@vmware.com/plugins/vmware-vmrc -h localhost:8333 -u root

start vmware from command line

mplayer -v -nocache -playlist “http://yp.shoutcast.com/sbin/tunein-station.pls?id=9768″

play song of shoutcast with mplayer

nitrogen /path/to/pic/dir/
set wallpaper

nitrogen –restore &
add to .xinitrc for restore of bkgrndPic

date –set =’+60 minutes’
move time ahead 60 minutes

setterm -blength 0
turn off annoying beep in bash

wodim -v dev=/dev/cdrw isoImage.iso
burn an iso

aumix

volume controls from a command in app

——-vmwareServer2———-
/etc/init.d/vmware-mgmt start
start vmware server 2 * wrong

/etc/init.d/vmware start
start vmware server 2
——-vmwareServer2———-

—–apvlv—–
pdf viewer with vi commands
—–endApvlv—–

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update freebsd ports
--------------------
*** if first time using portsnap use:
portsnap fetch extract

else use:
portsnap fetch update

then run:
pkgdb -F
portsdb -Uu
portupgrade -a
update and upgrade freebsd ports, portugrade must be installed to use pkgdb -F,
may have to type: rehash after installing portugrade if using default shell (csh) as root

end update freebsd ports
------------------------

other ways to update ports
---------------------------
portsnap fetch update
pkgdb -F

portsdb -Uu
updates version info in ports database
this needs to be ran after cvsup or csup

make fetchindex
portsdb -u
portversion -l "<"
portupgrade -arR
run this to update with portupgrade

portversion | grep "<"
list packages that are out of date

portupgrade -a

pkgdb -F
portupgrade -a
Updates ports that are installed

portsdb -Fu
fetch INDEX and rebuild portsdb

portmaster -a
Updated ports that are installed
------------

---------
error when installing portsnap:
Warning: Object directory not changed from original
had to go into dome of the subdirectories and do a:
make obj
---------

portupgrade package-name
update specific port

portversion -l '<'
list outdated ports

cvsup /root/ports-supfile
update ports tree with created file

end other ways to update freebsd ports
--------------------------------------

make config
make config file (can be done after install to reconfigure options)

make deinstall
make install APR_UTIL_WITH_BERKELEY_DB=yes
fix an error for a dependency option

make index
/usr/ports updates index

make readmes
creates readmes /usr/ports

cd /usr/ports
make search name=pptp
search ports by name

cd /usr/ports
make search key=pptp
searches ports for keyword

freebsd package manager (use ports or pkg not both, so stick with one)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

pkg_info
show packages installed

ls /var/db/pkg
show packages installed

pkg_info -R apache-1.3.37_2
show dependencies of apache

pkg_fetch nagios-3.0.3
fetches a port

pkg_version
show versions of packages installed vs available via ports

pkg_deinstall packageName
remove package

pkg_add name.tar.gz
adds package from ports ??

pkg_add -r name
downloads package and then adds it

pkg_info -IX font
show installed fonts

end pkg info
------------

pkg_add -v ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.3/packages/i386/filename.tgz
adds package openBSD

env
print environment variables

locale -a
print names of all available locales

cntrl - i
equivalent to tab

xset b off
turn off system beep in X

sysctl hw.syscons.bell=0
turn off beep globally until a reboot

hw.syscons.bell=0
add this line to /etc/sysctl.conf, turns off system beep globally for good

sysctl hw.acpi.baterry
Show info about battery

sysctl -a | grep -i memory
show memory stats

(sysctl hw.acpi.battery.life|cut -d "," -f2|cut -d "%" -f1|cut -d " " -f2)
show battery juice

du -h -d 1
disk usage of directories

du -sh
disk usage of directory and files

du -x
tells what is using space

du -sk *
show disk usage

for each in `ls -1`;do du -sh $each;done
show file size of each folder in current directory

tar -zcvf newArchive.tar /folderToCompress
tar a folder

tar -zxf newArchive.tar -C /tmp
extract folder to tmp directory

tar -cjvf www042309.tar.bz2 ./www
backup website -j for bz2

tar -xjf www042309.tar.bz2
untar website

tar -jxvf file.tar.bz2
untar bz2

tar -zxvf file.tar.gz
untar gz

tar -xvzf file.tar.gz -C directory
untar specific directory

tar -xzvf phpMyAdmin_x.x.x.tar.gz
tar -z auto recognize gzip

(cd /home/username/lrn && tar cf - . ) | (cd /mnt/usb && tar xBf -)
or
tar cf - ./lrn | (cd /mnt/usb; tar xf -)
copy files from one directory to another including symlinks

(cd /home/username/lrn && tar cf - . ) | "(cd /mnt/usb/ && tar xvpf -)"
remotely copy files from one directory to another including symlinks

cd ..
go up one directory

cd ~
or
cd
go to home directory

cd -
go to last directory you were in
echo $OLDPWD ,will show where this will take you

mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt/usb
mount usb drive

umount /mnt/usb
unmount disk

mount -t cd9660 /dev/acd0 /mnt/dvd
mount dvd

umount /mnt/dvd
unmount dvd

mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /path/to/image.iso -u 1
mount -t cd9660 /dev/md1 /mnt/cdrom
mount -t msdos /dev/nc0c /cdrom
creates virtual cdrom drive and mounts it

mount -u /mnt/cdrom
mdconfig -d -u 1
unmounts and undoes virtual drive

mount -a -t ufs
mount file systems read/write ??

camcontrol devlist
list usb devices

fusepod
ipod program

camcontrol eject 1:0:0
ejects ipod

xev
this will capture keypress events and give the names of the keys

last
shows who logged in and when

last -20
show last 20 logins

last username
indicate last logins of users and ttys

ndisgen
generate a FreeBSD driver module from a Windows(R) NDIS driver distributio

ndiscvt -i bcmwl5.inf -s bcmwl5.sys -o ndis_driver_data.h
convert Windows(R) NDIS drivers for use with FreeBsd, (broadcom ethernet)

kldload ./bcmwl5_sys.ko
load linksys ndisDriver

kldstat
shows custom loaded kernel modules

pciconf
diagnostic utility for the pci bus

ifconfig bge0 down
disable network card bge0

killall -SIGUSR1 conky
restart conky

aterm -e hw.acpi.battery
open aterm and execute command

more /etc/group
show all groups

xmodmap
utility for modifying keymaps and pointer button mappings in X

rehash
only when using sh. tells system about newly installed programs

iconv
character set conversion

ndisgen
generate a FreeBSD driver module from a Windows(R) NDIS driver distribution

wicontrol
configure Lucent, Intersil, and Atheros wireless devices

pciconf -lv
diagnostics utility for the PCI bus

fstat
identify active files

smb://domain\user@computerName/C$

jobs
listjobs

bg programName
send program to background

^Z
suspend current job

fg
bring job/program to foreground

sftp -oPort=22222 user@ip-address
sftp to port 2222

fbsetroot -solid black
set fluxbox background to black

session.screen0.rootCommand: fbsetbg ~/background/ricci.jpg
set backgorund in fluxbox

ps -aux
list running processes

Mysql
-----
mysqladmin shutdown
--

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server
to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h ishbsd.houston.rr.com password 'new-password'
See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local ; /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with the benchmarks in the 'sql-bench' directory:
cd sql-bench ; perl run-all-tests

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/bin/mysqlbug script!
+++++++++

roxFiler
--------
~/.config/rox.sourceforge.net/Templates
Adds to rightClick new

/home/username/.config/rox.sourceforge.net/SendTo
Adds to sendTo

end roxFiler
------------

dmesg | grep -i memory
show total and available mem

#ls
man page of ls in konqueror

/etc/rc.d/sshd restart
restart ssh (can also use start,stop, forcestop,etc

sed -i.bak s/e/o/g foo
replace every "e" with "o" in file foo (makes a backup)

sed -i '' s/e/o/g foo
does not make a backup

htpasswd .pwdFile userName
change password or add user "-c to create file"

pw user mod lust -G wheel
add lust to wheel group

whereis pptp
echo /usr/ports/*/*pptp*
alternate ways to find a port

whereis programName
display one or more mathces of program you are looking for

which bash
will show which bash will be called first

locate aProgramName
display every file that matches a programs name

kill -9 #####
force kill

aterm -bl
borderless

visudo
edit /etc/sudoers (usage: visudo)

sudo crontab -e
edit current crontab

config.log
after running ./configure log is stored in same folder

ls -R / | more (use less on linux)
show all directories on system

ls -alAR
recursively list directories, including .directories

ls -G
show file, folder, executables in color

dig -x 192.168.3.3
find hostname by address

tail -100 filename
view last 100 lines of a file

head filename
view first 10 lines of a file

vpnc --debug 99 --enable-1des --dpd-idle 0
vpnc with debug options all the way and weak encryption set no idle

vpnc-disconnect
disconnect vpnc

wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A.png,.jpg,.gif -erobots=off -i ~/getPics.txt
-r -H -l1 -np = recursive download, span domain, one level, no parent.
-A = attributes
-N = turns on timestamping so same files are not downloaded
-nd = puts everything in one directory rather than sites directories
-erobots.txt = igonre robots.txt
-i /fileName = lets you put urls inside text file

wget -mirror -w3 -p htt://www.whatever.com
-w = wait
-p = get all required elements (useful with mirror)

wget -i file-with-links.txt
download links in a file

dmesg | grep ndis
scrub dmesg for ndis info

ifconfig | ndis0
shows status of ndis ip

ifconfig ndis0 inet 192.168.3.70 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid joetest wepkey 0x43DB5804CD weptxkey 1 wepmode on
connects wpcg54g to wlan with wep (weptxkey 1 picks first wep key)

ifconfig ndis0 up scan
scans for wireless access points

gdb /usr/local/bin/beaver/beaver.core
shows core dump of beaver with gdb

df
show partitions

uptime
show how long its been since a reboot

w
show who is logged in, from where, and what they are running

who
show who is logged int

finger
displays other users logged in system

last
last users logged in

ac
show how long you have been logged in.. in total

top
shows what's running

ps -aux
shows what is running in detail

uname -a
shows system information

uname -mrs
show current version

netstat
displays current network connections

netstat -an
display current connections, source, destination and ports

netstat -rn
display routing table for ips bound to server

hostname
shows hostname

aterm -sl 32000
saveline buffer 32000 lines

ls -1 | wc -l
count files in a directory

awk 'sub("$", "\r")' unixfile.txt > winfile.txt
convert file from unix to windows

awk '{ sub("\r$", ""); print }' winfile.txt > unixfile.txt
convert file from windows to unix

tr -d '\15\32' < winfile.txt > unixfile.txt
remove carraige return and ^Z's from a file

perl -p -e 's/\r$//' < winfile.txt > unixfile.txt
convert win file to unix

perl -p -e 's/\n/\r\n/' < unixfile.txt > winfile.txt
convert unix file to win

set -o vi
set ksh to vi mode

shift + insert
paste what mouse has copied

cal
shows calendar of this month

rdesktop -f
fullscreen rdesktop

rdesktop -g 1024x768 servername
set geometry of rdesktop

man 3 printf
shows section 3 of printf (3 seems to be summary????)

mixer
shows current volume settings

mixer vol 95:95
mixer pcm 95:95
mixer speaker 95:95
mixer -s vol 10
change volume

date 0811041331
change time nov0408 1:30

date +"%T %p"
shows date with am/pm

history
shows history of commands

cat .bash_history | grep ssh
list history matches to ssh

cat > cat.txt
create file cat.txt and input text, ^D to get out and write file

cat < cat.txt
same as cat cat.txt, reads file

cat < cat.txt > newCat.txt
cp contents of cat.txt to newCat.txt

cat cat.txt newCat.txt > bigCat.txt
copy contents of cat.txt and newCat.txt into bigCat.txt

----
bash

cntrl-r
search bash history

cntrl-w
delete word backwards

cntrl-k
delete rest of line forward

cntrl-d
delete char under cursor

alt-d
delete word forward

cntrl-a
cursor to beginning of line

cntrl-e
cursor to end of line

alt-f
one word forward

alt-b
one word back

cntrl-l
clears screen

alt-l
lowercase current word

alt-u
uppercase current word

PROMPT_COMMAND='history -a && history -n'
collects history from current open terminals

cp ./test.txt{,.bak}
copies test.txt to test.txt.bak

cp -a ./directory/* /anotherDirectory/
copies all files in a folder and keeps permissions

echo $_
echos last arguemnet passed to console

bashEnd
-------

----win4bsd----
winpro -ws maximized
runs win4BSD max size

winpro -ws 1152x864

winpro -h
shows help for win4bsd

shift+F12
opens menu

----endwin4BSD----

whatis
apropos
searches whatis database for keyword, gives description of programs
try apropos '\(6\)'

apropos editor
shows programs that have editor in their description

scp -P 22 ./test.txt username@192.168.2.102:/usr/home/username/test.txt
copy files to remote machine -P to specify port.

scp ./test.txt username@192.168.2.102:/usr/home/username/test.txt
copy files to remote machine

scp -r ./folderToCopy username@192.168.2.102:/usr/home/username/destinationFolder/
copy directory to remote machine

scp -r '-P 1234' ./folderToCopy username@192.168.2.102:/usr/home/username/destinationFolder/

xwd -out 3rdDesktop01.xwd -root
saves screen shoot

distclean
cleans out ports files. fixes this error:
local modification time does not match remote

mkisofs -J -o out.iso -r -V volume_name directory
create iso image

/etc/netstart
restart network

-----
rc.conf

ifconfig_dc0="inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="192.168.1.1"
hostname="whatever.what"
set static ip

dhclient ndis0
gets dynamic ip

/usr/local/etc/nagios
/usr/local/www/nagios/docs
nagios files

/usr/local/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/etc/nagios/nagios.cfg
test nagios configs

/usr/local/bin/nagios /usr/local/etc/nagios/nagios.cfg &
start nagios

shift insert
paste with keyboard

ispell
simple command line spell checker

aspell
command line spell checker

source ~/.bash_profile
reparse bash shell configuration

nspluginwrapper -v -a -i
install all plugins from their default locations (netscapePluginWrapper)

nspluginwrapper -i path/to/plugin.so
install from specific locations

nspluginwrapper -r pat/to/plugin.so
remove specific plugin

nspluginwrapper -l
list all currently installed plugins

---------
elinks
enhanced txt based browser

ESC - shows menu

endElinks
---------

ssh -D 8080 -f -C -q -N myuser@myserver.com
tunnel web traffic through ssh

fgrep word file.name
searches for word in file

ls | egrep '(wordOne|wordTwo)'
greps ls for two words

ls -1
shows files in one column

id
show userId, groupId, and groups of current user

feh --bg-scale /path/to/image.jpg
set wallpaper

echo $TERM
displays terminal type

korean
-------
export XMODIFIERS=@im=Ami
export LC_CTYPE=ko_KR.eucKR
ami &

start korean keyboard

end korean
----------

lua-5.1
start lua

rmuser dust
remove user dust

unrar x test.rar
uncompress rar

/usr/local/sbin/httpd -v
check version of apache

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/lighttpd start
start lighttpd (stop,restart,start)
killall lighttpd (if no script)

find / -type f -exec grep -H 'joemammy' {} \;
find joemammy inside files on /

grep hello ./*
find word hello in all files in current directory

vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
edit grub menu file

usbdevs -v
show usb devices

mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt/camera
mounts nikon coolpix L11, must be set to mass storage under ???

---------
To install mono-merge, download it, then install with:
make install

svn must be installed to use mono-merge

mono-merge -D
merges development version from BSD# into /usr/ports

mono-merge
merges BSD# version of mono into the ports system
---------

wget -m -k -K -E http://url/of/web/site
mirror a website

wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html
use wget to check validity of bookmarks

ls -l | grep '^d'
list directories in current folder ('^d' looks for lines starting with a d)

ls -l | grep '^d' | awk '{ print $NF }'
shows on the folder names of the directories

chmod u+x ./scriptFile
add executable permission to scriptFile for current user

find ./ -type f | xargs perl -pi -e 's!/usr/bin/ruby!/usr/local/bin/ruby!g'
search all files in a folder and replace: /usr/bin/ruby with: /usr/local/bin/ruby

ls | awk '{print "<a href=\""$1"\">"$1"</a>"}' > index.html
make html links to every file in the current directory inside index.html

ls | awk '{print "<a href=\""$1"\">"$1"</a>"}' >> index.html
same as above except appends the links to index.html

ls | awk '{print "<img src=\""$1"\">"$1"<br>"}' > index.html
create img tags for every file in directory and write to index.html

grep ruby ./*
look for any files in current folder that contain the word: ruby

tar -zcvf nameOfTarFileToCreate.tar.gz ./DirectoryWantedCompressed
tar a file to a .tar.gz

tar -zxvf ./nameOfFileToExtract
untar a file

mysql_install_db
run this after first install to finish setup

GRANT ALL ON dbName.* TO 'testuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'testpassword';
give user rights to a mysql database

insert into grid (x, y) values ('-98', '-98');
add x and y to table grid

delete from settlements where id='61';
deletes the row/record in table settlements that has id matches 61

update users set x='-98', y='-98' where id='2292';
update record x,y in table users with -98,-98 that matches id 2292

mysql -u user-name -p db-name < db-template.sql

transfer mysql database
-----------------------
mysqldump --quick db_name | gzip > db_name.gz
dump database to a gzip file to transfer to new machine

mysqladmin create db_name
create databse on new machine

gunzip < db_name.gz | mysql db_name
unzip and databse and throw it in mysql
--------------------------

xconsole
if installed can show what syslogd is writing to ttyv0, inside of X

grep "^    :" 00_data.txt  | sed '$!N;s/\n/ /'  | awk '{print $1 $2 $5}' > 00data.txt
greps for 4 spaces the : at the beginning of each line. sed combines every two lines. awk prints the 1st 2nd and 5th field of each line. > writes it to 00data.txt

Crontab
-------
crontab -e
edit the crontab for the user you are logged in as

Mutt
-----
$
purges deleted messages

end mutt
--------

tmux
----
attach -d -t0
attatch to session 0

end tmux
--------

tcpdump -s0 -X -i bge0 port 80
watch what is happening on port 80

javascript:alert(unescape(document.cookie))
type this in as a browser url, to see the cookies on a webpage

pstree
list processes as a tree (must be installed)

tree -a
show directories in a tree view. (must be installed)

mogrify -resize 75x75 ./*.jpg
resize all jpg in current directory to 75x75 (requires imagemagick to be installed)            

xwininfo -tree
show info abou twindows
(xwininfo and xininfo show info about windows)

grep
----
grep -r "jowdaddy" /home
recursively search for jowdaddy inside files located in your /home

grep -v notmeplease
show all lines that do not match notmeplease

find
----
find /home /tmp -name yasister.txtme
search /home and /tmp directories for yasister.txtme

find ./learn -ls
displays inode number (inode serial), size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname.
**very similar output as (ls -igls)

find `script-that-chooses-dirs` -name choosenFile
uses a script to choose which files to search for chosen file

find ./learn -type f -size 0 -ls
search learn folder for a regular file that has file size of 0 and display in long format

find /usr/home /var/html /usr/local/www -name "*.htm*" -print
find all files with names containing .htm (-print is the default and prints to standard out) so the previous command is equivelant to:
find /usr/home /var/html /usr/local/www -name "*.htm*"
**all regex need to be quoted or they will be passed to the shell rather than find

find ./ -iname RECIPE.txt
case insensitive search for recipe.txt in current folder

find $HOME -mtime -1
find files in the home directory modified in the last 24 hours

find $HOME -mtime +365
find files that have not been modified in the last year

find /home/username -mtime -7 -name "*.htm*"
find htm/html files that have been modified in the last week (7 24hour)

find /home/user/www -mtime 7 -name "*.php*"
search for files that were modified exactly a week ago

find /var/log -mtime +7 -name "*.log"
find files that have not been modified for at least a week

find /$HOME/pics -newer $HOME/scripts/resize-pics.rb
find files in pics folder that have been modified more recently than resize.pics.rb

find /home -name "*.txt" -size 100k
find /home -name "*.txt" -size +100k
find /home -name "*.txt" -size -100k
display files that are 100k in size / more than 100k in size / less than 100k in size

find . -name '*.jpg' -exec ls {} \;
find all jpgs in current directory and use ls to display them

find $HOME/. -name '*.jpg' -ok rm {} \;
find all jpgs in current directory and ask for confirmation before deleting each

touch thisNewFile
creates a new empty file named thisNewFile

ls -s /someDirectory/originalFile /anotherDirectory/linkedToOriginalFile
creates a file that is linked to another. Editing the linked file changes the original

rm -f aFileThatNeedsDeleting
deletes a file without asking

rm -rf byeByeDirectory
deletes a directory and everything in it without asking

file somefile
attempts to guess type of file by its content

file *
guess filetypes of all files in a directory

wc filename
counts lines, words, and characters in a file

wc -l filename
counts lines in a file

ls -al > ./saveLsOutput.txt
overwrites text file with ls' output or creates an new file

ls -al >> ./saveThis.txt
appends output to file or creates new one if it does not exist

<
send input from a file back into a command

mplayer -vo xv dvd://1
play dvd

mplayer -nocache -playlist "http://www.shoutcast.com/sbin/shoutcast-playlist.pls?rn=15364&file=filename.pls"
play shoutcast stream

baobab
gui that shows disk usage

mail
----
d 1-5
deletes messages 1 through 5

t <message list>                type messages
n                                  goto and type next message
e <message list>                edit messages
f <message list>                give head lines of messages
d <message list>                delete messages
s <message list> file           append messages to file
u <message list>                undelete messages
R <message list>                reply to message senders
r <message list>                reply to message senders and all recipients
pre <message list>              make messages go back to /var/mail
m <user list>                   mail to specific users
q                               quit, saving unresolved messages in mbox
x                               quit, do not remove system mailbox
h                               print out active message headers
!                               shell escape
? print this help message
# display message number #
- print previous
+ next (no delete)
! cmd execute cmd
<CR> next (no delete)
a position at and read newly arrived mail
d [#] delete message # (default current message)
dp delete current message and print the next
dq delete current message and exit
h a display all headers
h d display headers of letters scheduled for deletion
h [#] display headers around # (default current message)
m user mail (and delete) current message to user
n next (no delete)
p print (override any warnings of binary content)
P override default 'brief' mode and display ALL header lines
q, ^D quit
r [args] reply to (and delete) current letter via mail [args]
s [files] save (and delete) current message (default mbox)
u [#] undelete message # (default current message)
w [files] save (and delete) current message without header
x exit without changing mail
y [files] save (and delete) current message (default mbox)

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Posted by Jason on Sunday July 01, @12:37PM
from the It’s-Sticky-Fun-Fun-Fun dept.
TAR is the Unix Tape ARchive utility. It can be used to either store data on a streaming tape device like a DAT drive, or store files in what is commonly called a tarball file- somewhat like a pkzip file, only compression is optional.
Source

[The basics]

In these examples, I will use the following file structure: a top level directory called DIR1 containing the files picture.jpg, document.doc and database.db.

DIR1/

DIR1/picture.jpg
DIR1/document.doc
DIR1/database.db

[Creating a tarball]

If we were in the directory DIR1 and wanted to backup all the files to a tarball called backup.tar, we could issue this command:

$ tar cvf backup.tar .

./
picture.jpg
doucment.doc
database.db
tar: backup.tar is the archive; not dumped

Note:
c=create (an archive)
v=verbose (just because)
f=filename (the name of our tarball)
.=current directory (what’s going to be backed up)

Also worth mentioning is that by default tar is recursive- meaning it will back up all files and subdirectories recursively unless you otherwise specify with the n flag (non-recursive)

[Displaying the Contents of a Tarball]

The current directory will now contain a file called backup.tar. To display the contents of the tarball file, we could issue this command:

$ tar tvf backup.tar

drwxr-xr-x root/gci 0 Jun 29 10:10 ./
-rw-r–r– root/gci 1 Jun 29 10:10 picture.jpg
-rw-r–r– root/gci 1 Jun 29 10:10 document.doc
-rw-r–r– root/gci 1 Jun 29 10:10 databse.db

Note:
t=table of contents (list)
v=verbose (display all info)
f=filename (backup.tar)

[Extracting Data from a Tarball]

To extract the entire contents of the tarball to the current directory, we can type:

$ tar xvf backup.tar

./
picture.jpg
doucment.doc
database.db

Note:
x=extract
v=verbose
f=filename (backup.tar)

To extract only the picture.jpg file from the archive, type the following command:

$ tar xvf backup.tar picture.jpg

Alternatively, you can use wild cards in either the creation or extraction of a tarball. To extract all jpg files from our archive, we can use a command like this:

$ tar xvf backup.tar *.jpg

[Using Compression]

If you would also like to add compression to your tarballs, you can combine the gzip utility with tar on the command line by adding the z switch to the command. Usually when this is done, we change the suffix of our tarball filename from .tar to either .tgz or .tar.gz. This will let whoever sees the file know that it is a gzipped tarball.

$ tar zcvf tarball.tgz .

Note:
z=gzip compression
c=create
v=verbose
f=filename (backup.tgz)
.=current directory (what to backup)

[Permissions with tar]

If you would like to preserve the permissions of the files you backup, use the p option with the tar command. This will save the uid, gid as well as the specific permission attributes of the files (read, write, execute etc.)

$ tar pzcvf tarball.tgz .

You should also use the p option with the tar extraction command:

$ tar pxvf tarball.tgz .

[Using tar with a Tape Drive]

I use tar in conjunction with my Seagate DAT drive. If you issue any of the previous commands in this HOW-TO without the f option and a tarball filename, you will find that tar will default to writing the files to the device /dev/rsa0 (raw sequential access device 0). Basically this is your first SCSI tape drive. If you have more than one tape drive you would like to use, you can issue the f option and the device name (rsa0, rsa1 etc.) of your specific tape drive instead of a filename.

Examples:
Backing up the current directory to Tape:

$ tar cv . <- default tape drive (rsa0)

$ tar cvf /dev/rsa1 . <- second tape drive (rsa1)

Restore files from Tape:

$ tar xv .
$ tar xvf /dev/rsa1

So, there are the basics of tar. If you would like more information on the tar command, try the man pages.

man tar

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Kadang kita bingung untuk mounting / membaca backup dari CD / DVD baik yg berupa *.ISO, *.BIN, *.CCD, *.DVD dll..
Nah ini adalah salah satu tools untuk membuat virtual CD/DVD keluaran slysoft dengan nama Virtual Clone Drive Silakan klik Download untuk mengambil-nya dan lakukan instalasi sesuai petunjuk-nya

Setelah terinstall pilih jumlah Drive yang dibutuhkan… dan untuk mounting-nya bisa di lihat di gambar berikut :

Demikian sedikit informasi yang sekiranya bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk memudahkan membaca file dalam bentuk Image. Smoga membantu

Source :
www.howtogeek.com
www.slysoft.com

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